20th+Century+Nationalism

Artificial Nations and the Rising Tide of Communal Strife Questions: I don’t believe industrialized nations should intervene with clashes in Africa or Asia because it’s important for a society to learn how to resolve these internal conflicts without external factors. Colonial polities may have been changed by adding limitations, restrictions, or tolerance for didn’t ethics and religions.
 * Read in Depth p.794-795 - Take notes on main points and answer questions. **
 * New states torn by internal conflict
 * Nearly all the nations that emerged from decolonization were artificial creations
 * Instability & suffering=decolonized areas are unfit to rule themselves
 * Western colonialism=internal division & social divisions
 * Colonial boundaries cut peoples apart, tossed together different and often hostile ethnic or religious groups
 * Intense competition, communal conflict, and countless wars occurred between diff. ethnic and religious groups
 * Colonial regimes were built and maintained by divide and tile tactics
 * Recruited minority ethnic or religious groups into their armies
 * Common violence in turn encouraged the migration of refugees
 * Overarching nationalist identity
 * Separatist movements have been a prominent feature of the political life of new states
 * Democracy. Main victim of the tensions between rival ethnic groups within many emerging nations
 * Elected legislatures have often been dominated by parties representing special interest

** 3/22/2011 - Read 636-643** **- take notes to Identify major changes and continuities of the upcoming unit**
 * New nations arose, boundary changes
 * Aristocracy faded dramatically
 * New political systems and new social structure
 * Worldwide economic depression after WWI
 * Collapse of European imperial dominance and decolonization
 * New methods of transportation and communication (Massive technological innovation)
 * Population growth, new public health measures
 * Revolutions led to political innovation, new leaders, democracy, totalitarian gov., communist or fascist
 * New forms of authorization which included one party rule
 * Improvement in the position in the world economy
 * China became a global manufacturing engine
 * India enhanced its exports
 * ** Marxism was a persuasive belief system, totalitarian flourished **
 * ** Contest for cultural preferences **
 * ** A number of regions advanced industrialization while others continued to focus of low-cost production of raw materials and foods **
 * ** Economic inequalities **
 * ** Many societies preserved larger orientations resulting from their traditions **
 * ** Developments affected people’s emotions and behavior **
 * ** Efforts to destroy social inequality involved attempts to reverse emotional obedience **
 * ** The spread of global consumerism affected some behaviors **
 * ** New treads often contradicted each other **
 * ** Business people who traveled the world learned a variety of behavioral rules depending on where they were, becoming familiar with global manners and in habits of particular societies **

**Read 647-649** **& outline the causes of the First World War**
 * Diplomatic tensions among the major European powers
 * Fear of Germany’s growing economic and military power
 * Germany moved away from a defensive triple alliance with Russian and Austria-Hungary to a growing dependence on the latter alone
 * Imperial rivalries
 * Rivalries heightened nationalist sentiments
 * Naval rivalry/Military buildup, Great Britain built new ship and Germany built more
 * Growing labor unrest in areas in the process of industrializing
 * Strikes, growth of trade unions, and votes for socialist parties
 * Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia, Russia vowed to support Serbia



· People on top on the pot · Steam · The men at the top trying to keep the pot shut. || · This pot shows the Balkan trouble was like a ticking time bound, tensions building up. · The people signified the lack of control. · The steam shows how big the Balkan troubles became. · Signifies Germany, Russia, France, Great Britain, Austria-Hungary ||
 * I see.. || It means.. ||
 * · A pot labeled “Balkan Troubles”


 * President Wilson's Fourteen Points **

The introduction explains some of the general causes for world war I, "The day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by" "We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secure once for all against their recurrence."
 * **How does the introduction relate to the causes of WWI?**
 * **What does Wilson suggest was the reason for American entry into the war?**
 * **How would you summarize the main objectives of the 14 Points?**
 * **How might the colonies of Britain and France react to the 14 points?**

Pg. 722-723 – **The Winning of Independence in South and Southeast Asia**


 * WWII put an end to the adjustment between the Indian National Congress and the British
 * India would support the Allies if Britain offered independence once the conflict was over.
 * Indian divisions and British inflexibility led to the collapse of Cripps’s initiative
 * **Quit India movement**: civil disobedience campaigns
 * Communist who committed to the antifascist alliance and the **Muslim League** rallied to the British cause
 * Muslim League led by **Muhammad Ali Jinnah**, became a key factor (with other league leaders) on the struggle for decolonization in sough Asia
 * Inflation caused urban unrest.
 * Widespread famine
 * Jinnah and the League wanted a separate Muslim State called Pakistan so they wouldn’t be discriminated upon
 * The summer of 1947, the British handed power over to the leaders if the majority Congress party
 * Jinnah became the first president of Pakistan
 * Vicious Hindu-Muslim and Muslim-Sikh communal rioting
 * Gandhi gets shot by a Hindu fanatic during prayer meeting
 * India gets independence

** Leader Analysis Sheet **
 * Name of Leader: Gandhi ||
 * Lifespan: (1869-1948) || Title: Leader of the Indian nationalist movement ||
 * Country/region: India || Years in Power ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Great Britain was in control of India.
 * Indian unrest; disliked Great Britain.
 * Economic boycotts
 * Textile industry ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Gandhi helped free the Indian people from British rule through nonviolent resistance.
 * Believed in nonviolence.
 * Tolerated all religions.
 * Civil disobedience ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Helped free the Indian people from British rule.
 * The Salt March was a march led by Gandhi protesting the British Salt Tax. ||
 * Short-Term effects: || Long-Term Effects
 * Freedom for Indians from Great Britain. ||

Zimbabwe Full Independence in 1980 No representation. Still corruption. Some violent civil wars. -- South Africa Independence from Britain in 1934 Walter Sisulu and Nelson Mandela. Extreme segregation in South Africa. Full independence for minority rule in 1994. -- Congo, gained independence from Belgium in June 30, 1960. King Leopold the 2nd and Henry Stanley. Patrice Lumumba, came into power in 1960 -- Summary: Although with the independence from their minority rule, African countries continued to face political, social, and economic instability. The corruption within the government still continues to stunt the growth of these developing nations. With leaders announcing that they will rule till they die it stops the nation from gaining any new changes and progressing in any way.